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Two adjacent bodies of notation whose meaning is set by an institution rather than by a shape: the apparatus around money — codes, separators, cheque markings, identifiers — and the bibliographic and scholarly apparatus around printed text. Several members exist to state that a convention a reader assumes is universal is in fact national, the decimal separator most consequentially, since one string of digits can name two numbers a thousand apart. The bibliographic half turns on a related point: an ISBN names an edition rather than a work, and a printer's key identifies an impression by what has been removed.
Three letters naming a currency unambiguously.
A point or a comma, depending on the country.
Whether the sign goes before or after the amount.
Words or a pattern cut into a coin's rim.
Letters and a number rating a coin's preservation.
Raised ink a reader can feel on a banknote.
Two parallel lines restricting how a cheque may be paid.
Bars of varying width encoding a product number.
A thirteen-digit number identifying one edition of a book.
An eight-digit number identifying a serial publication.
A prefix and suffix giving a permanent handle to a document.
A descending row of numerals showing which printing this is.
A letter at the foot of a page showing where a gathering starts.
The next page's first word printed at the foot of this one.
Terms naming the front and back of a leaf.
A fixed order of marks used where numbers are unsuitable.
A respelling or phonetic notation showing how a word sounds.
Raised and lowered ticks before a stressed syllable.
The headword form under which a word is listed.
A list of cited passages ordered by source rather than by topic.
A statement at the end or start of a book naming who made it.
Lines, crosses and hands added in a book's margin.
Wording distinguishing an edition from an impression.
A sixteen-digit number identifying a researcher.