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An equals sign followed by a piece letter, recording what a pawn became.
Also known as: Pawn promotion symbol, Queening notation
When a pawn reaches the far rank it must become a queen, rook, bishop or knight. The equals sign followed by that piece's letter records the choice — e8=Q is a pawn arriving and becoming a queen.
Records the piece a promoting pawn becomes, written after the destination square in FIDE algebraic notation.
The choice is not restricted to a queen and need not replace a captured piece: a board can legally hold several queens. Choosing a knight instead is called underpromotion and is occasionally the stronger move.
An equals sign — two short parallel horizontal strokes — followed by a single capital letter naming the new piece.
Both are elements of FIDE algebraic notation recording what a move did.