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An abbreviation marking the capture of a pawn that has just passed.
Also known as: In passing, En passant capture
A pawn advancing two squares may be captured by an enemy pawn as though it had advanced one — but only on the very next move. The abbreviation e.p. marks that capture, which is otherwise indistinguishable in notation from an ordinary one.
Marks a capture made under the en passant rule, which the FIDE Laws define and restrict to the move immediately following the two-square advance.
The annotation is optional. The move is fully described without it, because the capturing pawn's destination square is empty and no other move could have produced it — which is why many publications omit it.
The lower-case letters e and p, each followed by a full stop, written after the move.
Both record a capture; e.p. distinguishes the one capture whose destination square was empty.