Japanese map symbol for a crater

A closed toothed ring around a depression.

Also known as: Funkako mark, Fumarole mark

Maps & navigationStandard profile

Meanings

Denotes a volcanic crater or fumarole on a Japanese topographic map.

Officially standardisedVerified fact
Marks a volcanic crater or fumarole on a GSI topographic sheet.
Contexts: Maps
Officially standardisedVerified fact
Is the cliff symbol closed into a ring, so the crater is drawn as a cliff that surrounds the reader rather than as a separate device.
Contexts: Maps

A closed ring of the cliff convention with its teeth turned inward all the way round, enclosing the depression.

IdentityModerate confidence: Moderate confidence because the identity is documented in encyclopedic references, but only a single source has been found so far.
Historical originLow confidence: Low confidence because the historical origin is documented in encyclopedic references, but only a single source has been found so far, but early or supporting evidence is limited, but the regional or cultural match to this specific claim is not precise.
Current useModerate confidence: Moderate confidence because the current use is documented in encyclopedic references, but only a single source has been found so far.
Visual matchModerate confidence: Moderate confidence because the visual match is documented in encyclopedic references, but only a single source has been found so far.

Map symbols used on Japanese topographic maps
Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI) · retrieved 2026-08-23
Japan's national mapping agency's own published legend. Cited for the form and meaning of a symbol on Japanese topographic maps; the historical origin of individual symbols is cited separately where claimed.

Last reviewed 2026-08-26

Meanings

Denotes a volcanic crater or fumarole on a Japanese topographic map.

Officially standardisedVerified fact

Marks a volcanic crater or fumarole on a GSI topographic sheet.

Contexts: Maps

Officially standardisedVerified fact

Is the cliff symbol closed into a ring, so the crater is drawn as a cliff that surrounds the reader rather than as a separate device.

Contexts: Maps

Confidence

IdentityModerate confidence: Moderate confidence because the identity is documented in encyclopedic references, but only a single source has been found so far.
Historical originLow confidence: Low confidence because the historical origin is documented in encyclopedic references, but only a single source has been found so far, but early or supporting evidence is limited, but the regional or cultural match to this specific claim is not precise.
Current useModerate confidence: Moderate confidence because the current use is documented in encyclopedic references, but only a single source has been found so far.
Visual matchModerate confidence: Moderate confidence because the visual match is documented in encyclopedic references, but only a single source has been found so far.

Sources

Map symbols used on Japanese topographic maps
Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI) · retrieved 2026-08-23
Japan's national mapping agency's own published legend. Cited for the form and meaning of a symbol on Japanese topographic maps; the historical origin of individual symbols is cited separately where claimed.

Last reviewed 2026-08-26