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A capital H with a subscript zero, naming the hypothesis being tested.
Also known as: H nought, H zero
H₀ is the hypothesis a test is set up to challenge — usually that there is no effect, no difference, no relationship. A test can reject it or fail to reject it; it can never confirm it, which is why the wording of results is so careful.
Denotes the null hypothesis: the default position a statistical test is constructed to test against, typically that no effect or difference exists.
Contexts: Mathematics
A test either rejects the null hypothesis or fails to reject it. It never accepts or proves it, and results phrased as 'proving there is no difference' misstate what the procedure can do.
A capital letter H followed by a small numeral zero set below the line.
The two hypotheses are constructed to be exhaustive: if the null is rejected, the alternative is what remains.
The p-value is the probability of the data under this hypothesis.