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A capital U with a dimension in brackets, the complex analogue of rotation.
Also known as: Unitary group, U n, Special unitary group
The unitary group is what orthogonal matrices become over the complex numbers: transformations that preserve length, where length is measured with conjugation. U(1) is just the unit circle, and SU(2) and SU(3) are the symmetry groups the Standard Model of particle physics is built on.
Denotes the unitary group: complex square matrices whose conjugate transpose is their inverse.
Contexts: Mathematics
Preserves the complex inner product, which is the complex analogue of preserving length and angle.
Contexts: Mathematics
U(1), SU(2) and SU(3) are the gauge groups of the Standard Model, which is where a non-mathematician most often meets the notation.
Contexts: Mathematics
A capital letter U, sometimes preceded by S, followed by a bracketed numeral.