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The signals the Laws require an umpire to give, grouped because they are told apart by details a spectator has to know in advance: one arm out is a no-ball and both arms out is a wide; a hand above the head is a bye and a hand on a raised knee is a leg bye; an arm across the body is four and both arms up is six. Each pair produces a different entry in the scorebook, so mistaking one for the other misattributes the runs.
The umpire's raised index finger, dismissing the batter.
Both arms held straight out sideways, marking a delivery out of reach.
One arm held straight out sideways, marking an illegal delivery.
An arm waved from side to side across the body, marking a boundary four.
Both arms raised straight above the head, marking a boundary six.
An open palm raised above the head, marking runs scored without the bat.
A hand tapping a raised knee, marking runs off the batter's body.
Wrists crossed and uncrossed below the waist, cancelling the delivery.