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A vowel written behind the letter.
Also known as: Backward matra
The Devanagari vowel sign form used in some northern manuscript traditions, written to the left of its consonant rather than above it.
Writes the vowel e and its relatives in manuscript traditions using the backward-matra convention.
Contexts: Language and transcription, History
A regional scribal habit rather than an alternative standard, found particularly in Kashmiri and some western manuscript hands, and a reason a manuscript can be dated and placed by its vowel signs alone.
Contexts: Language and transcription, History
A vowel stroke set to the left of the consonant it modifies, in place of the more usual mark above the headstroke.