An ornate spiral-and-loop figure at the left of a staff, fixing the second line as the note G.
A backwards-C figure with two dots, fixing the fourth line of the staff as the F below middle C.
A bracketed figure whose centre points at the line meaning middle C, movable up and down the staff.
A hollow oval with no stem, the longest note value in ordinary use.
A hollow oval with a stem, lasting half as long as a whole note.
A filled oval with a stem, the note most often equal to one beat.
A filled oval with a stem and one flag, or beamed to its neighbours.
A filled oval with two flags or two beams, a quarter of a beat.
A dot after a notehead, adding half the note's own length again.
A small filled rectangle hanging below a staff line, a bar of silence.
A small filled rectangle sitting on a staff line, two beats of silence.
A zigzag figure occupying the middle of the staff, one beat of silence.
A slanted stroke with one flag-like hook, half a beat of silence.
Two slanted horizontal bars crossed by two vertical strokes, raising a note by a semitone.
A stem with a rounded lobe at its foot, lowering a note by a semitone.
An open bracket-like figure of two stems and two bars, cancelling a sharp or flat.
A small saltire-like cross, raising a note by two semitones.
A slanted lower-case p below the staff, instructing quiet playing.
A slanted lower-case f below the staff, instructing loud playing.
A long horizontal wedge opening to the right, meaning gradually louder.
A long horizontal wedge closing to the right, meaning gradually quieter.
A dot above or below a notehead, shortening the note without changing it.
A horizontal wedge above a note, instructing extra attack.
A short horizontal bar above a note, instructing its full length.
A dot beneath a shallow arc, holding a note or rest beyond its length.
A comma above the staff, marking where to breathe or lift.
A double bar line with two dots, marking a section to be played again.
A slanted S crossed by a diagonal with two dots, marking a return point.
A circle crossed by a vertical and horizontal line, marking a closing section.
A vertical line across the staff, dividing the music into bars.
Two stacked numerals at the start of a piece, stating the metre.
A large letter C at the start of a staff, standing for four-four time.
A group of sharps or flats after the clef, altering those notes for the whole piece.
A curved line joining notes of different pitch, played smoothly.
A curved line joining two notes of the same pitch into one sound.
The letters tr above a note, instructing rapid alternation with its neighbour.
A short zigzag above a note, instructing a single rapid alternation.
The abbreviation Ped. below the staff, instructing the pedal down.
8va above a dashed line, moving a passage an octave from where it is written.
A straight or wavy line between two notes, sliding continuously between them.
Slashes across a note stem, instructing rapid repetition.
A note value, an equals sign and a number, fixing the tempo exactly.
A grid of lines with dots, showing where fingers go on a fretted instrument.
Five horizontal lines on which notes are placed to show pitch.